I. The Importance of Getting Financing or Funding
Commonly, though, entrepreneurs discover that operating without investment capital or borrowed money is more difficult than they anticipated.
II. Why Most New Ventures Need Funding
1. Cash Flow Challenges
Equipment must be purchased and new employees hired and trained before the increased customer base generates additional income.
2. Capital Investments
It may be possible for new venture to fund its initial activities, but it is difficult for them to do so when it comes to purchase capital assets.
3. Lengthy Product Development Cycles
The tortoise-like pace of product development requires substantial up-front investment before the anticipated payoff is realized.
III. Sources of Personal Financing
1. Personal Funds
Funded by the entrepreneur’s personal savings and credit and sweat equity, which represents the value of the time and effort puts into the new venture.
2. Friends and Family
Often comes in the form of loans or investments, but can also involves outright gifts, foregone or delayed compensation, or reduced or free rent.
3. Bootstrapping
Finding ways to avoid the need for external financing through creativity, ingenuity, thriftiness, cost-cutting, or any means necessary.
IV. Preparing to Raise Debt or Equity Financing
Step 1. Determine Precisely How Much Money the Company Needs
Constructing and analyzing documented cash flow statements and projections for needed capital expenditures are actions taken to complete this step.
Step 2. Determine the Most Appropriate Type of Financing or Funding
The two most common alternatives for raising money are Equity Financing, means exchanging partial ownership of a firm, usually in the form of stock, in return for funding and Debt Financing, means getting a loan.
Step 3. Developing a Strategy for Engaging Potential Investors or Bankers
There are three steps, (1) Prepare an elevator pitch (a brief, carefully constructed statement that outlines the merits of a business opportunity), (2) Identifying and contacting the best prospects, and (3) Prepare to provide a completed business plan and make a presentation of the plan if requested.
V. Sources of Equity Funding
1. Business Angels
Individuals who invest their personal capital directly in start-ups. They generally invest between $10.000 and $500.000 in a single company and are looking for a companies that have the potential to grow 30-40% per year before they are acquired or go public.
2. Venture Capital
Money that is invested by venture capital firms in start-ups and small businesses with exceptional growth potential. While angel investors tend to invest earlier in the life of a company, venture capitalist come in later.
3. Initial Public Offering (IPO)
The first sale of stock by a firm to the public. An IPO is an important milestone for a firm because it have to demonstrated that it is viable and has a bright future. Four reasons firms decide to go public: (1) A way to raise equity capital, (2) Raises a firm’s public profile, (3) Liquidity event, and (4) Creates new currency.
VI. Sources of Debt Financing
1. Commercial Banks
Historically banks have been reluctant to lend money to start-ups because banks are risk averse and that lending to small firms is not as profitable as lending to large firms, but some banks are starting to engage start-up entrepreneurs.
2. SBA Guaranteed Loans
7(A) Loan Guaranty Program operates through private-sector lenders who provide loans that are guaranteed by the SBA. The loans are for small businesses that are unable to secure financing on reasonable terms through normal lending channels.
3. Other Sources of Debt Financing
l Vendor Credit is when a vendor extends credit to a business in order to allow the business to buy its products or services up front but defer payment until later.
l Factoring is a financial transaction whereby a business sells its account receivable to a third party (factor), at a discount in exchange for cash.
l Peer-to-peer lending occurs directly between individuals (financial transactions)
VII. Creative Sources of Financing and Funding
1. Crowdfunding
The practice of funding a project or new venture by raising monetary contributions from a large number of people, typically via the internet.
2. Leasing
A written agreement in which the owner of a piece of property allows an individual or business to use the property for a specified period of time in exchange for payments. The major advantage of leasing is that it enables a company to acquire the use of assets with very little or no down payment.
3. SBIR and STTR Grant Programs
l SBIR = A competitive grant programs that provides over $2.5 billion per year to small businesses for early-stage and development projects.
l STTR = A variation of the SBIR for collaborative research projects that involve small business and research organizations.
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