I. Industry Analysis
Industry analysis is business research that focuses on the potential of an industry. When studying an industry, an entrepreneur must answer three questions, (1) Is the industry accessible? (2) Does the industry contain markets that are ripe for innovation? (3) Are there positions in the industry that will avoid some of the negative attributes?
Regardless of how edger entrepreneurs are to start a business, they are not adequately prepared until they understand the industry they plan to enter and in which they intend to compete.
1. Studying Industry Trends
a. Environmental Trends = economic trends, social trends, technological advances, and political and regulatory changes.
b. Business Trends = other trends affect industries that aren’t environmental trends but are important to mention.
II. The Five Forces Model
A framework entrepreneurs use to understand an industry’s structure. Each of Porter’s five forces affects the average rate of return for the firms in an industry by applying pressure on industry profitability.
1. Threat of Substitutes
Industries are more attractive when products or services from other industries can’t easily serve as substitutes for the products or services being made and sold in the focal firm’s industry.
2. Threat of New Entrants
Industries are more attractive when competitors cannot easily enter the industry and successfully copy what the industry incumbents are doing to generate profits. A barrier to entry is a condition that creates a disincentive for a new firm to enter an industry: Economies of scale, product differentiation, capital requirements, cost advantages independent of size, access to distribution channels, government and legal barriers.
3. Rivalry Among Existing Firms
The major determinant of industry profitability is the level of competition among the firms already competing in the industry. There are four primary factors that determine the nature and intensity: Number and balance of competitors, degree of difference between products, growth rate of an industry, level of fixed costs.
4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Industries are more attractive when the bargaining power of suppliers is low. Several factors have an impact on the ability of suppliers to exert pressure on buyers and suppress the profitability: Supplier concentration, switching costs, attractiveness of substitutes, threat of forward integration.
5. Bargaining Power of Buyers
Industries are more attractive when the bargaining power of buyers is low. Several factors affect buyers ability to exert pressure on suppliers and suppress the profitability: Buyer group concentration, buyer’s costs, degree of standardization of supplier’s products, threat of backward integration.
III. The Value of The Five Forces Model
The five forces model can be used in two ways: (1) to help a firm determine whether it should enter a particular industry and (2) to asses the attractiveness of an industry or a specific position within an industry by determining the level of threat to industry profitability for each of the forces. Four industry-related questions that should be examined before deciding to enter an industry:
1. Is the industry a realistic place for our new venture to enter?
2. If we do enter the industry, can our firm do a better job than the industry as a whole in avoiding or diminishing the impact of the forces that suppress industry profitability?
3. Is there a unique position in the industry that avoids or diminishes the forces that suppress industry profitability?
4. Is there a superior business model that can be put in place that would be hard for industry incumbents to duplicate?
IV. Industry Types and The Opportunities They Offer
1. Emerging Industries
A new industry in which standard operating process have yet to be developed. That firms that pioneer often captures a first-mover advantage. Because a high level of uncertainty, any opportunity that is captured may be short-lived.
2. Fragmented Industries
Characterized by a large number of firms of approximately equal in size. The primary opportunity is to consolidate the industry and establish industry leadership as a result of doing so.
3. Mature Industries
An industry experiencing slow or no increase in demand, has numerous repeat, and has limited product innovation.
4. Declining Industries
An industry or a part of an industry that is experiencing a reduction in demand. Entrepreneurial firms employ three different strategies:
a. Leadership Strategy, which the firm tries to become the dominant player.
a. Leadership Strategy, which the firm tries to become the dominant player.
b. Niche Strategy, which focuses on a narrow segment of the industry that might be encouraged to grow through product or process innovation.
c. Cost Reduction Strategy, which is accomplished through achieving lower costs than industry incumbents through process improvements.
5. Global Industries
An industry that is experiencing significant international sales. The two most common strategies:
a. Multidomestic Strategy compete for market share on a country-by-country basis and vary their product or service offerings to meet the demands of the local market.
b. Global Strategy use the same basic approach in all foreign markets.
V. Competitor Analysis
A detailed analysis of a firm’s competition. It helps a firm understand the positions of its major competitors and the opportunities that are available.
1. Identifying Competitors
a. Direct Competitors: Business that offer products or services that are identical or highly similar.
b. Indirect Competitors: Business that offer close substitutes to the product
c. Future Competitors: Companies that are not yet direct or indirect competitors but could move into one of these roles at any time.
2. Sources of Competitive Intelligence
The information that is gathered by a firm to learn about its competitors. There are a number of ways that a firm can ethically obtain information about its competitors: (1) Attend conferences and trade shows, (2) Purchase competitors’ products, (3) Study competitors’ websites and social media pages, (4) Set up Google e-mail alerts, (5) Read industry-related articles and (6) Talk to customers.
3. Completing a Competitive Analysis Grid
A tool for organizing the information a firms collects about its competitors. It can help a firm see how it stacks up against its competitors, provide ideas for markets to pursue & identify its primary sources of competitive advantage.
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